Earth Science Essay

– Discuss stellar evolution (describing each stage in brief). What forces are opposing one another throughout the life of a star and how do they influence the various stages in the life cycle of a star Stellar evolution stars exist because of gravity. The two opposing forces in a star are gravity (contracts) and thermal nuclear energy (expands). Stage 1 Birth is where gravity contracts the cloud and the temperature rises, becoming a protostar. Protostars are a hypothetical cloud of dust and atoms in space which are believed to develop into a star. Astronomers are fairly certain of their existence. Protostars are formed about a million years after a gas clump from an interstellar gas cloud has started to rotate and from a disk. The protostar is simply the core of the disk that formed from the clump of gas that was compressed inside the gas cloud. The star becomes a stable main-sequence star, which are characterized by the source of their energy. They are all undergoing fusion of hydrogen into helium within their cores. The rate at which they do this and the amount of fuel available depends upon the mass of the star. Mass is the key factor in determining the lifespan of a main sequence star, its size and its luminosity. Stars on the main sequence also appear to be unchanging for long periods of time. Any model of such stars must be able to account for their stability. Ninety percent of a stars life is in the main-sequence. A red giant is a luminous giant star of low intermediate mass that is in a late phase of stellar evolution. The outer atmosphere is inflated and tenuous, making the radius immense and the surface temperature low, somewhere from 5,000 K and lower. The appearance of the red giant is from yellow orange to red, including the spectral types K and M, but also class S stars and most carbon stars. The burnout and death final stage of a star depends on its mass. After a low mass star like the Sun exhausts the supply of hydrogen in its core, there is no longer any source of heat to support the core against gravity. Hydrogen burning continues in a shell around the core and the star evolves into a red giant. When the Sun becomes a red giant, its atmosphere will envelope the Earth and our planet may be consumed in a fiery death. Meanwhile, the core of the star collapses under gravity’s pull until it reaches a high enough density to start burning helium to carbon. The helium burning phase will last about 100 million years, until the helium is exhausted in the core and  the star becomes a red supergiant. At this stage, the Sun will have an outer envelope extending out towards Jupiter. During this brief phase of its existence, which lasts only a few tens of thousands of years, the Sun will lose mass in a powerful wind. Eventually, the Sun will lose all of the mass in its envelope and leave behind a hot core of carbon embedded in a nebula of expelled gas. Radiation from this hot core will ionize the nebula, producing a striking â€Å"planetary nebula†, much like the nebulae seen around the remnants of other stars. The carbon core will eventually cool and become a white dwarf, the dense dim remnant of a once bright star. Reference Lutgens, F. K. & Tarbuck, E. J. (2011). Foundations of earth science (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall ES 1010, Unit 8, Question 12 – How do we calculate or determine the distances to stars? What units do we use and what are the limitations (if any) of the method used for such calculations? Measuring distance to stars has been considered a very difficult task. Stellar parallax is a method used to determine distance, the extremely back and forth shifting in a nearby star’s apparent position due to the orbiting motion of earth. The farther away a star is, the less its parallax. The light year is a unit used to express stellar distance, which is the distance light travels in a year, which is approximately 9.5 trillion kilometers (5.8 trillion miles). The parallax angles are very small. Proxima Centauri is the parallax angle nearest to the star. It is less than one second or arc, which equals 1/3600 of a degree. A human finger is roughly 1 degree wide. The distances to stars are so large that conventional units such as kilometers or astronomical units are often too cumbersome to use. Some limitations are that parallax angles of less than 0.001 arcsec are very difficult to measure from Earth because of the effects on the Earth’s atmosphere. This limits Earth based telescopes to measuring the distances to stars about 10.01 or 100 parsecs away. Spaced based telescopes can get accuracy to 0.001, which has increased the number of stars whose distance could be measured with this method. However, most stars even in our own galaxy are much further away than 1000 parsecs, since  the Milky Way is about 30,000 parsecs across. Reference Lutgens, F. K. & Tarbuck, E. J. (2011). Foundations of earth science (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

Risk of infectious diseases at a rise due to incessant rain

A few days after ceaseless rain lashed the regions in Thane and stranded some localities, the risk of infectious diseases stares large at the residents. With a massive dumping ground right in front of the railways station at Vithalwadi and a sewer flowing in the rear, it seems like an open invitation to the various diseases, which increases manifold during monsoon. Khadegolwadi, which saw knee- deep waters on Friday could not unclog, though the water receded by a few centimetres.As it is a fully grown residential area, people spent their entire day cleaning their homes. Chocked drains, sewers and dumping grounds caused problems in the area. â€Å"Each time it rains, garbage along with diseases come to our house,† said Aarti Bhagwat, a resident. Her neighbour Preeti Pandey added,† We all know what sewers and dumping grounds in the vicinity means, malaria, dengue and other water borne diseases.†It may be noted that the Thane Municipal Corporation suspended an officer and recommended departmental enquiry against the other finding them a prima facia guilty of the problem. Complaining over that, another resident Sarita Kolhapure said,† suspending officials is of no use to us, it does not solve our problem. These past few days were pathetic for us, what will happen if such rain continues for next couple of months. † Similar problems persisted in different localities around the dumping site.â€Å"Garbage that flew with the rain got scattered all around as the potholed road was filled with dirty water,† said Karishma Tiwari, a housewife. City-based doctors warned against the risk of diseases in the rainy season. â€Å"People with a weak immune system fall prey to microbes that roam freely in the air during monsoon,† said Dr Kishor Gandecha. He added that garbage heaps rot more than usual in rains, which catalyses growth of disease causing virus and bacteria.â€Å"The best way to avoid disease is to wash hands with soap and drink boiled water,† he said. Suggesting other ways to keep diseases at bay, the doctors said, â€Å"People should avoid intake of stale or cut food, don't let water stagnate inside or near the homes and stay away from public places if one is suffering with viral fever of disease. They also enumerated signs of disease which include body ache, vomiting, pain in abdomen and loose motions are the first signs of the monsoon maladies. But, there are a number of measures that people can resort to†.

Cause and Effect Essay - McDonalds Causes More Deaths than Terrorists

It was probably inevitable that one day people would start suing McDonald's for making them fat. That day came this summer, when New York lawyer Samuel Hirsch filed several lawsuits against McDonald's, as well as four other fast-food companies, on the grounds that they had failed to adequately disclose the bad health effects of their menus. One of the suits involves a Bronx teenager who tips the scale at 400 pounds and whose mother, in papers filed in U.S. District Court in Manhattan, said, "I always believed McDonald's food was healthy for my son." Uh-huh. And the tooth fairy really put that dollar under his pillow. But once you've stopped sniggering at our litigious society, remember that it once seemed equally ludicrous that smokers could successfully sue tobacco companies for their addiction to cigarettes. And while nobody is claiming that Big Macs are addictive -- at least not yet -- the restaurant industry and food packagers have clearly helped give many Americans the roly-poly shape they have today. This is not to say that the folks in the food industry want us to be fat. But make no mistake: When they do well economically, we gain weight. It wasn't always thus. There was a time when a trip to McDonald's seemed like a treat and when a small bag of French fries, a plain burger and a 12-ounce Coke seemed like a full meal. Fast food wasn't any healthier back then; we simply ate a lot less of it. How did today's oversized appetites become the norm? It didn't happen by accident or some inevitable evolutionary process. It was to a large degree the result of consumer manipulation. Fast food's marketing strategies, which make p d McDonald's just suffered its first quarterly loss since the company went public 47 years ago. The obvious direction to go is down, toward what nutritional policymakers are calling "smart-sizing." Or at least it should be obvious, if food purveyors cared as much about helping Americans slim down as they would have us believe. Instead of urging Americans to "Get Active, Stay Active" -- Pepsi Cola's new criticism-deflecting slogan -- how about bringing back the 6.5-ounce sodas of the '40s and '50s? Or, imagine, as Critser does, the day when McDonald's advertises Le Petit Mac, made with high-grade beef, a delicious whole-grain bun and hawked by, say, Serena Williams. One way or another, as Americans wake up to the fact that obesity is killing nearly as many citizens as cigarettes are, jumbo burgers and super-size fries will seem like less of a bargain.

Ethical Principles In The Journalism Profession Assignment

Ethical Principles In The Journalism Profession - Assignment Example Journalism serves as one of the most important and noble professions, which is determined to provide the people with the latest information regarding the political, social, economic, cultural and strategic incidents and events taking place in various areas and regions of the globe at large (Macionis 130-31). One of the most important tasks before the journalists includes communicating of the swift and comprehensive updates about the news associated with the rulers, nations, public and cultures that may capture the consideration of the masses belonging to the pole-apart regions of the world. Hence, keeping the people updated with the fast-changing geopolitical and socioeconomic scenarios serves as the most fundamental objective in the eyes of the journalists. In simple terms, communicating the news of regional, social, national and international concerns, based on truth and validity as well as without having any fears of being persecuted, could rightly be stated to be the first and fo remost obligation of the journalist community. Consequently, unveiling the criminal activities, social injustices, the prejudiced behavior of the influential groups and communities, and pointing out the social evils prevailing in a culture come under the list of the duties attributed to the profession of journalism. Part II—Strive for: Although the journalists are bound to render their services free from coercion and fear on the one side, and impartial from the ethnic, racial, regional, religious, gender-based and all other kinds of biased and prejudiced behavior; however, the same is not practiced in the real sense of the term in any area of the world (Harcup 138-39). Nevertheless, there always appear some selfless and dauntless people in every society, who unconditionally strive for social justice, equality and individual freedom with the ambitions of setting the masses free from the clutches of cruelties, slavery, and unfairness at any cost.

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example 287). These norms and values determine the way the groups and people in organizationsinteract with each other within the organization and with other stakeholders outside the organization. Different organizations have vast cultures because they depend on the organization’s nature of business. Organizational culture influences a sense of identity to the employees,which in turn enhances commitment to something larger than the usual self. This paper will analyse a summative review of Siemens organizational structure and culture and compare it with organizations. Comparing and contrasting different organizational structures and culture with that of SiemensCompany Siemens is the world’s largest electrical engineering and electronics company whose headquarters is based in Germany and has branches that operates in 193 countries worldwide (Tung 2001, p. 183). Despite that the company has operated internationally, it focused on the German home market until the 1990s when it restr uctured. This restructuring process meant that Siemens had to change its old organizational structure and culture towards a new and ethical one (Phillips & Gully 2012, p. 481). The new organizational structure and culture is complex because Siemens is a diverse company situated in diverse locations in the world. Nevertheless, the company embraces the flow of internal and external communication where semiformal strategy is utilized. More so, the leaders exercise and maintain a semi-formal attitude that encourages employees to communicate especially when considered that the company is diversifying far and wide towards other foreign markets. Wal-Mart is a renowned retail outlet in the world,whosestructure and culture were set by its founder Sam Walton. The founder had clear objectives for the companythat had to be achieved by adhering to values and principles. Wal-Mart’s organizational structure is designed in a way that it enables it to have a wide range of control because it c learly identifies employees and authority roles. More so, Wal-Mart maintains a good working environment that encourages the employees to have trust, which in turn enhances good customer services (Solomon 2004, p. 5).The company also has a strong organizational culture that depicts through its mission statement, which aims at providing better quality products at lower prices than any other competitor provides. This culture affects the company's business because it determines the prosperity of the business. Apple is a world’s outstanding high technology company based in the U.S. The structure of the company could be referred to as nonexistent because the company has no clear set principles. This means that, Apple makes its decision depending on the work at hand. The granted freedom allowed employees to make decisions at different levels and the corporate office had a hard task keeping track of spending and purchasing, an aspect that once affected Apple’s profitability (D ubrin 2012, p. 287). The culture of Apple Inc. is of a rare case because the company has no chain of command that supervises the employees. This means that the employees are self-motivated; hence, pushing them to work hard because they do not have bosses to push them around. In comparison, the three organizational structures have a common similarity of creating a friendly working environme

Critically discuss the main theories of corporate governance, focusing Essay

Critically discuss the main theories of corporate governance, focusing in particular on how they apply to different types of co - Essay Example What this means is that corporate governance could be looked at from a perspective of the legal administration of different businesses. In effect, mechanisms and acts that would constitute corporate governance in one firm or business may not constitute corporate governance in another because of differences in the legal organization of the companies involved. Interesting, the demarcations that company law gives to the various forms of companies inform the basis of the existence of various corporate governance theories. With reference to company law, corporate governance could generally be seen as the legal mandate that binds players in various organizations and institutional set ups to ensure that companies meet the interest of all stakeholders, defined to include shareholders, customers, employees and the government3. Contract Theory and Corporate Theory Contract theory and corporate theory remain two of the major forms of theories of corporate governance. As indicated earlier, these two theories are directly related to the allocation and differentiations that exists in the types of business under company law. With reference to corporate theory, its principles could be dated to as far back as the era of â€Å"artificial† entity theory. The artificial entity theory dates back to the dates before the 1800s when governments made special legislations to ensure that the power to operate corporations was vested in the power and authority of public benefit units4. Some of these public benefit entities included schools, churches and the larger community. However, these public benefit units were not the outright owners of the corporations but the government. It is in light of this simulated ownership that the theory became known as the artificial entity theory. In relation to the present study, it would be noted that the corporate theory has a lot of influence on corporate governance in the sense that because the cooperation are supposedly owned by government, th ere are State defined legislations that affect and influence their operations. Though many who belong to the fiction theory school of thought hold that â€Å"corporations are simply legal fictions, created and sustained by an act of the state†5 and that there are weaker internal management principles that defeat the principles of corporate governance, the reality is that in a state where institutions are made to function properly, there is no way managers can expect to go away with lapses in corporate governance. Under contract theory, reference is made to contract-based corporate theory where actors in various companies and organizations are expected to play a collaborative role in ensuring that they use asymmetric information to regularize the construct of contractual arrangements6. In effect, the contract theory expects that managers and administrators would work and function as people who have been assigned to play specific roles within a specific timeframe for a specific reward. Essentially, contract theory greatly affects corporate governance because it is said to be an avenue by which managers and stakeholders in the running of businesses feel fundamentally obliged to work and operate within the premises of the contracts they agreed upon7. In certain quarters, this has been said to

Healthcare Information Management System Coursework

Healthcare Information Management System - Coursework Example Next force is the need to measure correctly the performance of health care providers and practitioners with the use of IT (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Other forces such as visions by stakeholders on how IT can transform health care while reducing the cost at the same time. These factors have led to a paradigm shift from traditional record keeping systems to a transformed IT centered system. It can be leveraged in various sectors of health care especially in patient data record keeping. Other areas include patient relationship management and use of Electronic laboratories, Tele-consultation and Electronic prescription. This way IT can be used to improve of efficiency in health care. 2. Strategies for achieving interoperability of health care applications Interoperability refers to the ability of various applications used to communicate and transfer information in healthcare management. The main communication channel is between health information systems and the software applications. Strategies should be developed so as to ensure efficient and timely data transmission between health care applications. Also, strategies should be made in order to replace old and incompatible equipment with modern ones and active personnel training on the use of interoperability equipment. Healthcare institutions should also ensure that there is proper coordination and cooperation between the various departments (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Strategies must also be made to institutionalize healthcare systems, which assist in planning among data transmitting departments while encouraging growth of flexible architectural interoperability structures. The management in healthcare facilities must also fund actively the projects set up to ensure and give solutions to interoperability. 3. Core competencies for IT departments that support health care organizations. Competencies are characteristics of something that make it standout and help achieve set goals and objectives. For a competen ce to be considered core, it must have a wide breadth of application and be highly relevant to the end user, as well as maintain distinction and difficult to imitate. For the health care sector, IT has five core competences that make it suitable for adoption. One is that IT departments help in business analysis. When data is fed into IT applications, they can process it for success of expected results such as analysis of patient recovery rates. The second core competence for IT department is Innovation. Innovation will come in handy in healthcare departments due to the rapid changes in technology. The third is knowledge management, which can be used to improve the knowledge work systems in other health departments. Fourth competence for IT department in health care is solution web management. This is the ability of IT to provide web based solutions to heath care problems (Brailer and Terasawa, 2003). Such include online prescription and consultation. Lastly, IT departments help in c hange management, especially where new projects are being implemented. This is necessary in health care as in order to ensure efficiency in service delivery, new systems and equipments are being introduced. 4. The benefits of leveraging information technology, such as the EMR, in health care. One of the main benefits of introducing IT is the reduction of costs in health care. This is achieved through reduced costs of regular book keeping with the shift from

Exchange Rate Risk in the UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Exchange Rate Risk in the UAE - Essay Example Due to the growing population in UAE, the construction activities for hotel, condominiums and commercial and entertainment infrastructure are increasing and directly contributing to growing interest rate of the currency. The most dominant factor of the financial market in the United Arab of Emirates is been Banking Sector, which is intermediate between common man and economy as it endows with the credit conveniences to the same. And hence the demand for the credit is increasing which is also causing to increase in the rate of currency, but contradictorily in point of fact this is harmful. Since there is an expansion in the financial markets, the banking sector are benefited the most and can maintain the profitably and exploit most in this market. The liberalization of the country demands the overseas banks to invest, seeing that United Arab of Emirates can come into sight of global economy. An increase in lending money or mortgaging activities from the banks, can risk the cost-cuttin g measure of the country, therefore banks should perimeter it. The growth of the economy is taken care by the government for improvement among the financial systems. The supervisory body (Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority) is been given the responsibility of Initial Public Offerings in January 2007. Global investors should be invited to expand the capital markets in United Arab of Emirates by getting rid from the board membership. As suggested there should be a legal format for all the financial markets which will lessen the arguments. The major drawback of United Arab of Emirates is that the unmethodical insurance segment, and to enhance the market segment, this segment should be privatized. The high standard of living, productivity has caused the inflation in the economy of the United Arab of Emirates. US interests are not hooked up with flexible monetary policies. The high oil prices causes inflation and leads to major problem in the economy of United Arab of Emirates . Hence monitory policies should be independent, not confined to the interest rate of the compared currency and more effective. The cause of rise in the inflation was due to the rising cost of accommodation. This will lead to threat in cost of living which can cause the local economy. As a result this should be stopped. UAE Currency Markets The US dollar and the United Arab of Emirates dirham are hooked up at the rate of 3.6710 and similarly the Great Britain Pound (GBP) shifts directly with the US Dollar as well as AED. Source: http://www.dubaiselect.com/dubai_property_services/financial-services/the-currency/As shown in the above chart, GBP/AED moved from high in May of 6.9860 to a low of 6.6398 in June which on an AED 1,000,000 property would be an increased cost of 7,464 in less than two months. The currency fluctuations create instability in the financial markets which would affect in decision making for the acquisition of the property. This also avoids in the need of the development. But as soon as this hook is been broken between the US Dollar and AED, the instability in exchange rate and interest rate would generate a necessity amongst the short term and long term risks proficiently. The trading countries like Australia, Africa and other Arab countries, deal United Arab of Emirates with the US Dollar and thus major of trading or imports is done in US dollars. Hooking up with US dollars is not advantageous for the United Arab of

E-Business Plan (Supply Chain Management, Competitive Tracking, and Research Paper

E-Business Plan (Supply Chain Management, Competitive Tracking, and Conclusion) - Research Paper Example The main geographic market being targeted by the company is that of United States of America (USA). Some of the characteristics of primary target market of Kidz-IDz are that they are caring and concerned with respect to the safety of their children and are ready to spend money in order to ensure that the children are protected and safe. At the same time, the target market of the company is ready to take part in the educational process for learning different safety precautions. Marketing Mix: One of the important elements of the marketing plans is the marketing mix or most commonly known as the 4P’s of marketing (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). In this section the strategies of 4P’s of marketing with respect to the e-business are presented. Product: Kidz-IDz presents the parents with different options and products which can facilitate the parents in the process of keeping the children safe. Different kits offered by the company includes different identification details about the child along with the picture identity. The main kit, known as Kidz-IDz kit consists of different products like identification card with photo, medical card, fingerprinting, and several other tools (Kidz-IDz). With the help of all of these tools, parents can make sure that all essential measures are taken for the safety of the children. This product will carry all necessary information about the child and if he or she get lost somewhere or get indulge in some medical emergency, it will become easier to take life saving measures and contact the parents. Apart from this, the data and information can be converted into electronic information which can be forwarded to different institutions quickly in the case of emergency. Along with this the company allows the parents to update the data regularly in order to make sure that the data is not outdated. Price: All these safety items or tools in the Kidz-IDz kit are available at the price of $100.00. All products of the company are reason ably priced, so that most of the parents can afford the child safety products. Promotion: The company is currently promoting and marketing itself by taking part in different fundraising and charity programs. Kidz-IDz has positioned itself as the leader in the field of providing the all required information in order to keep the children safe and protected. In order to target more customers and ensuring that more and more children are protected, the company will promote itself online. For this purpose, Kidz-IDz will focus more on social media marketing and will launch the e-business with the help of TOP shelf marketing. Place: Along with the traditional brick and mortar physical store, the company will now also enter into the industry of e-commerce or e-business and launch the online store. The company will use penetrating pricing in order to increase the penetration of the product in the market. Online Strategies: In order to make sure that more and more traffic is targeted towards t he website and there are more revenues, the company will

Carol Gilligan and Difference Feminism Research Paper

Carol Gilligan and Difference Feminism - Research Paper Example Psychological Theory and Women’s Development,† Gilligan makes a forceful dispute that psychology has scientifically rejected women in attempting to answer questions about how human beings make moral judgments, and claims the pre-existence and significance of different voices which involve feminine, relationship, and emotional-oriented in moral reasoning. In the book, Gilligan (11-35) provides an immediate sensation that is embraced by the newly developed studies on women. The moral psychology as explained in the book straddles both philosophy and psychology by evaluating human’s approaches to ethical dilemmas. Whilst ethical reasoning is a generic human skill, psychologists assume that women and men differ. They provide assumptions that reign well for many centuries. In her book, Gilligan provides many and major arguments. The most important involves human puzzle in the moral dilemma of the ethics of justice and ethics of care (Gilligan 99-100). Gilligan shows muc h care while writing moral orientation, which is not aligned with gender but on the empirical relationship between different voices and women. Gilligan (100-114) argues that men make decisions regarding personal rights, and through such views, Gilligan argues that women are responsible for other individuals. Because of such imprinting and improvable notions, Gilligan draws women view in terms of connectedness, whereas men are viewed with regards to separation. As such, Gilligan seeks to elevate the status of such connectedness where she focuses on several studies performed by her colleagues (Gilligan and Richards 77-90). Carol’s works emphasize on sex differences in moral reasoning. It also focuses on the violence perspective, the resolution of sexual conflicts, and the abortion decisions (Gilligan 411-417). These factors create greater challenges through the introduction of feminist perspective with respect to moral development.  

Declining Fish Stocks in Oceans Essay Example for Free

Declining Fish Stocks in Oceans Essay There is an inherent ocean fish stocks decline causing sustainability to be at risk. Specifically, there have been a notable decrease in â€Å"Atlantic cod stock off Newfoundland in 1992 and the poor state of the southern bluefin tuna stocks in the Southern ocean. † (Williams, 2005) This problem on declining fish stocks is a predicament that goes mainly with a growing human population together with many other factors. If the trend continues, where the population constantly grows and the oceans’ size remain the same, the fish population and fish supply can be totally consumed by humans and sustainability would not exist. This means that in the long-run, not only the fish risks of being extinct and depleted but humans as well when there would be lesser food to it. II. Living and Non-Living Organisms Causing the Problem The decline in the fish supply or stocks of fish in the ocean, or in any other bodies of water are brought about by many factors. These factors however, can be both independent or dependent of each other. This means that one factor might lead to another factor and so on. However, as previously mentioned, the first cause is the growing human population. Aside from food consumption in the form of fishing, other ocean activities that are not directly related to fish consumption are nowadays possible and actually ongoing due to growing human existence. These are the activities that disturbs and/or destroys fish habitats in the ocean as well as damaging the ocean itself preventing fishes to multiply or reproduce normally. Following are the factors, both direct and indirect, both dependent and independent that cause a decline in fish stocks in the ocean: a. ) the growing population with growing demand on food consumption; b. ) a greater demand for transferring from traditional small-scale fishing to commercialized large ocean vessel fishing; c. ) a growing move from coastal waters fishing into fishing from international bodies of water; d. ) lack of time for various fish species to hatch and breed due to continuous catching/fishing; e. ) growing human activities both from other bodies of water and in the oceans itself where toxics and pollutants are involved and disturbance of the habitat of the fish in the ocean are caused by these human activities such as ocean floor exploration, oil rigging, etc. ; f. ) Other natural factors such as natural predator-prey process, where the fishes are preys to other ocean organisms coupled by natural calamities and natural causes that result to fishes’ deaths such as global warming, etc. III. Living and Non-Living Organisms Affected by the Problem The reason why humans must be concerned about the declining fish stocks in the ocean is due to the fact that humanity is also at stake when sustainability in fish supplies cannot be attained. The most obvious of these reasons is on food supply. However, the problem does not stop there when and if ever fish supply would be depleted. Other stakeholders affected by the problem on declining fish stocks in the ocean include the environment and the ecosystems themselves and if there would be not enough fish, the balance of life forms in the ocean would be destroyed. As previously mentioned, one problem causes another and in this way, calamities can be expected to happen and it can be said that without fishes and other organisms and when a lot creatures dying in it, a body of water can be a â€Å"dead body of water† or, in case of the oceans, a â€Å"dead ocean†. IV. Positive and/or Negative Human Impacts With a strict judgment, it is difficult to say that a declining fish stock in the ocean will result to any positive effect to humans. Aside from lack of food supply, or difficulty of hunting for fish, the problem leads to expensive fish products and suffering health. Reciprocally, so far humans are only causing negative effects to the ocean and they are the main cause of declining fish stocks in there, be it a direct or indirect cause. With a growing human population, everything happens, from overfishing to water pollution, to water and ocean floor exploration leading to fish habitat destruction or demolition, to other environment balance destruction leading to global warming and other nature abuse or excesses. Global warming affect fish supply because Even though the effect of humans to fish stocks are negative, a move to lessen it in order to attain sustainability in terms of fish supply would improve the current situation. This however, involves a lot of sacrifice and discipline in the part of the humanity but in the long-run, it will be a big benefit as to human existence itself. V. Evaluation of Current Sustainability Strategies and Solutions The overall goal of any current or future sustainability strategies and solutions is, naturally, for sustainable fishing. Sustainable fishing looks at the long-term and overall fishing activity and tries to maintain the stocks of fish wherein the future generation can have their own share in the entire fish supply the ocean and other bodies of water offer. To evaluate the current strategies and solutions geared toward sustainability, it is first important to note some of them. One of the existing strategies is the implemented 1976 Magnuson-Stevens Fishery to be unpredictable whether it would make relaxed enforcement of annual catch limits for each fishery or impose strict limits. (Senate Entwined in Debate, 2006, p. A02) Thus, the total control is on the side of the implementing body which is the government. The public however has the right to criticize it and be vocal if it is too lax in its imposition. Another good strategy in the process is the individual fishing quota (IFQ) system that limit fishing operations by allocating the total allowable catch to participants based on historical catch and fishing effort (Sanchirico Hanna, 2004) In fact, this is a brilliant idea only if implemented strictly. Overall, the existing strategies have noble intentions with them. The only problem is on the implementation side. VI. Plan to Reach Sustainability Since it is easier said than done, a plan is easy to make. It is however, very important to practice what is planned to actually reach sustainability. A mere plan is not enough but the implementation is the most important aspect of attaining the aim of having sustainable fishing. The following plans to reach sustainability may or may not be in existence already. The plan would involve fishing that is not solely reliant from the ocean but as well as in other bodies of water or even inland. This means that fish farms and fish ponds would be developed all throughout every nation. Government promotion and support in each country is very essential in attaining this project. Aside from funding, the governing body of a country/nation as well needs to deal with the existing fishing companies who have already invested much to sail their fishing ships in the depths of the ocean for greater catch and for greater chunks of fishy profits. This also includes providing incentives to those who are dedicated in making the project successful. Setting quotas/limits to ocean fishing large vessels owned by commercial companies would be part of the plan. This would lead to discouragement of excesses in fishing by levying very expensive fines and taxes if the mentioned quotas or limits would be surpassed. Although penalties are on the punitive side of the plan and not on the preventive side, it is still useful to enforce penalties, stricter and harsher ones, to poaching fishing vessels who fish and violates and cross some fishing boundaries in the international context is also part of the plan. Moreover, the plan includes massive public information dissemination as to the future effect if fish supply would be depleted and encouraging the public to boycott any brand or any company that violates the rules on sustainable fishing or any company that pollutes the ocean causing fishes to die or companies that are greatly hindering fishes’ reproduction process. Lastly and more importantly, the public must know that the main stakeholders as to the availability of fish, which is at risk if drastic disciplines on fishing and other ocean activities would not be imposed, are human beings. The general public, or the humanity of this earth must be aware that without fish, it is them that will suffer the most and that educating them to prevent this harsh happening is to make positive actions and be disciplined so that the aim for sustainable fishing would be attained. Moreover, humans should be educated that fish supply depletion means hunger, health crisis and in the long-run, can as well result to human depletion! VII. Benefits and Challenges of the Plan As to the benefits of the plan, there is none unless it is fully implemented. The benefits start to take effect right after such plans are strictly implemented in many countries in the world. This means that right after such implementation, the following may take into view: a. ) a disciplined and sustainable approach to fishing; b. ) an educated and well aware public that helps to the attainment of the goal which is sustainable fishing; c. ) restoration of fish stocks in the ocean for they could start to hatch and breed normally and naturally; d. ) a cleaner and calmer ocean where balance is maintained; e. ) a sustainable fishing is attained; and more importantly f. ) humans would be at ease in terms of fish/food supply with reasonable prices, healthy catch, a continuous supply and fish meals that are life and health supporting. A sustainable human existence starts here as well. Naturally, the plan is not as smooth as anyone can wish it could be. It will be full of challenges and difficulties as to the attainment of its goal. It would be difficult to implement considering the selfishness of humans. Funding would not be easy to find and produce as to the plan of giving incentives to those who make coastal and inland fish farms and ponds. Additionally, each person in the government have their own sets of constituents and more often than not, they are more afraid to hurt the financing constituents such as the owners of large commercial fishing ships and fishing and fish processing companies than to be more concerned about declining fish supplies. Nowadays, profit maximizations seems to be the biggest goal of the majority and very little notice the suffering nature. A plan to have sustainable fishing would be far buried to the current issues that always make their way to be sensational. These include the issues on war and peace processes, terrorism, hunger, scandals, and political issues, among others. Lucky enough when environmental concerns get noticed without something bad, such as calamities happening and hurting a lot of people. Humans are such selfish beings and even though lessons are already sent their way, they still find it difficult to take care of nature, even for their own ends. VIII. Required Government, Societal and Global Support The move to have sustainable fishing would never be successful, or, would not even start without the initiative and leadership of the government. In the first place, any rules and laws regarding fishing starts in the congress or the legislative body. The same is true with the desired implementation of such rules where government bodies are, again, the major role players, such as in the case of coast guards and ocean police. Moreover, the funding starts with the government. Although there might be concerned groups making donations and a lot of volunteering, the main tasks are still laid out in the hands of the government to look for enough funds to encourage the public. The government has also the power to run ads or public notices in various media entities encouraging the public to help reach the goal. The public or the society on the other hand, are required to give their full cooperation when it comes to the success of a certain government projects. Without societies’ support and cooperation, the government cannot make it alone. In this case, the government may offer large amount for developing inland fish ponds but there are times that the public are simply uninterested or simply take the things for granted, receive the funds and do not work for the purpose the fund should be spent at. This can happen when the public is aware that the government is too loose on its policies, too corrupt, too desperate or too helpless. Finally, the global community is the extension of each little society. The same support is required towards their corresponding government but globally, governments of each countries may not agree themselves. In this case, their own cooperation is also required. There are a lot of cases where fishing vessels of another country poaches from the oceans of another territory. Thus, only if selfishness is set aside this plan to have sustainable fishing can be attained. Globally, this would be a great challenge because in many ways, countries are found to be not in agreement with each other especially because fishing on the high seas was a feature of societies long before large areas of the worlds seas were claimed by nation states. (Williams, 2005) In fact wars are happening spending lives when countries disagree with each other. Thus, it would be a great wish to enable each country to unite for the survival of humanity through sustainable agriculture, sustainable development, sustainable fishing and the rest of human activities to be sustainable. Everyone have their own purposes, selfish motives and plans. There is still hope though. This happens when humanity is faced with unforgettable lessons with regards to taking care of nature at their own risks!

Non-Verbal Communications Essay Example for Free

Non-Verbal Communications Essay Non-verbal communication can be summed up as speaking without words. It includes body language, posture, gestures, facial expression and eye contact. Furthermore, this style of communication includes physical appearance, for example what you are wearing or the hair style you choose. Even the way in which people speak contains non-verbal cues. These cues include the tone and emotion behind verbal communication. Non-verbal communication is a very important aspect of communicating effectively and is something that we encounter every day in many different contexts. Purpose: The purpose of this presentation is to illustrate the importance of non-verbal communication. The presentation will explain the role that non-verbal communication plays in every day conversations, group work, and place of employment. It will draw attention to the atmospheres created by this type of communication as well as identify the negative and positive aspects. Scope: We will begin by defining non-verbal communication and provide a variety of examples of the different aspects of the topic. From there, we will identify the principles of non-verbal communication. These principles explain the effects of what non-verbal communication really is. Next, a description of the different types of non-verbal communication will be presented along with an explanation of their meaning. Furthermore, we will identify how different cultures use non-verbal communication around the world. The conclusion will involve a summary of non-verbal communication, a reinforcement of its importance, and an implication for its future use. Outcome: The main outcome of our presentation is to educate the audience on how to recognize non-verbal cues from others. If non-verbal cues are recognized it is easier to identify if there is a problem with the communication, understanding of the communication and perhaps more importantly how the other/others feel about the communication. As we learn to recognize these traits in others, it will make it easier for each one of us to identify and correct the behaviours within ourselves. This is perhaps one of the important outcomes we would like to achieve as it will make each of us conscious of our own actions to ensure a positive communication level to everyone both business and personal. It is also important to note that non-verbal communications are both positive and negative, and to know the difference. Along with this idea is also, the importance of know some critically cultural differences that are observed especially in the business world. Roles that Members played: As a group, we met on two occasions to discuss the project. We divided the different sections of the presentation, individually formulated ideas, and then came together as a group to share ideas. Our decisions were finalized after the group discussion. During our presentation there will be an opportunity for each member to discuss the topic at hand. To present each topic we will make use of a power point presentation for a visual reinforcement to our statements. During the next week we will be meeting to create our presentation in order for a smooth, confident, and accurate delivery. Method of Delivery: We have three main areas of discussion: 1) The Introduction of the group and topic as well as identifying the outcome. These areas will be handled by one person. This part of the presentation has to be able to get the audience motivated and engaged for the rest of the presentation. 2) The actual presentation of our topic will be handled by two people. This part will be the focus of the presentation as it will be the information stage. Providing insight and knowledge to the audience. 3) Conclusion of the presentation. This is an integral part of the presentation because it brings not only the presentation together it is generally what the audience will remember the most. Method of handling Q A: We are going to ask the audience to hold all questions until the end of the presentation. This will give presenters an opportunity to present all the information to avoid questions that may be answered in the latter of the presentation. We will ensure that a considerable amount of time will be allotted for questions and answers. Upon being asked a question, any group member will be able to answer; however, other group members will be able to respectfully interject to provide additional information Method of Concluding the Presentation: The conclusion will involve a summary of the presentation as well as suggestions for future implications. Pictures to reinforce the positive and negative non-verbal attitudes will be provided to enhance our presentation. This will be done to encourage interaction between the presenters and the audience. Examples of both positive and negative non-verbal attitudes will be provided. Questions will then be asked of the audience to provide the type of non-verbal communication the visual aid is portraying. Obtaining interaction from the audience will give a good summarization to the presentation.

Autocad Vs Microstation: Summary and Evaluation

Autocad Vs Microstation: Summary and Evaluation Patricia Ferreras Table of Contents (Jump to) What is CAD? AutoCAD and MicroStation History Research 2D Design Features 3D Design Features Interoperability Conclusion Bibliography What is CAD? CAD is an abbreviation of Computer Aided Design, and refers to software used to create detailed, precise drawings and technical illustrations. CAD software is capable of creating two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) models. (WhatIs.com, 2011) AutoCAD and MicroStation History: AutoCAD was introduced in 1982 as a desktop application. Since 2010, it has evolved into a mobile web and cloud based application, currently marketed as AutoCAD 360. (Wikipedia, 2014) MicroStation was introduced early in 1987 with the capacity to write to design files with the extension â€Å".DGN†. In its early days, it had simple modification abilities, and it was capable of displaying each element in their intermediate states during placement. MicroStation V8i (SELECTseries 2)- July 2010 added integrated point cloud support. (Bentley, 2014) Research The scope of my research is to compare the two leaders software packages in design, both of them are used by a wide range of professionals, mainly in the fileds of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design. Different people have different needs or preferences, but I want to keep my research as objective as possible, that is why I going to focus is three key aspects of the software, 2D, 3D and interoperability. 2D Design Features: The comparison is based in the latest versions of each program, and on the available functions and tools for managing 2D designs that a CAD software provides. (Chief, 2012) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i In 2D Designing, what makes users happy are the features and tools that AutoCAD provides, such as: The Sketch tool which allows 2D Drafts to be intuitively drawn A customizable tool palette, color palette and command log Tape Measure Tool, text Box and Snap to grid functionalities, From 3D models generates 2D Drawings Even though MicroStation provides many useful tools, it is lacking some key features for 2D Designing. Its available features include: An advanced sketch tool Color palette, tool palettes and command logs, all of which are customizable From 3D Models, could generate 2D Drawings 3D Design Features: These features include Simulation, 3D Modeling and animation using features provided by the CAD software. (Chief, 2012) (enggcyclopedia, 2012) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i AutoCAD 2013 include the following features and tools needed for the 3D Modeling, Rendering and Animation: Has parametric Modeling Tools Material changes as they occur, so it could be viewed in real time Extrude 3D Models from 2D Drawings Photorealistic models could be created. Basic animation projects are enable through its animation features AutoCAD is recognized as a business-oriented design tool, and is regarded as following industry standards. MicroStation provides more of a thorough platform for 3D Modeling and Animation. It is more advanced than AutoCAD in some respects: Parametric modeling tools and features Real time modifications can be previewed as they are implemented Microstation can â€Å"extrude† 3D Models from 2D Drawings with 3D geometric surfaces Photorealistic models can be achieved 3D Printing is supported MicroStation claims to respect its users by providing them with a CAD environment built to cater for all their needs. Interoperability: This factor relates to collaboration functionality with other CAD Applications, the ability for more than one designer to work simultaneously on one platform, cloud features, and a number of other functions. (Chief, 2012) (Alvarez, 2006) AutoCAD 2013 MicroStation V8i AutoCAD 2013’s full-featured user-interface and interoperability features include the following: Support for readable and writable file formats such as: DWG, PDF, 3DS, DWF The Autodesk Cloud Feature, Autodesk 360 allows designers on the CAD Software Workspace to work away from the office. It provides each user with roughly 3 GB of space, and this figure can be increased to cater for file sharing. Integration of Google Mapping The users felt that the re-design introduced with Land Development was very different from the previous applications such as CivilCAD and Softdesk. MicroStation is an application with total integration of other applications within Bentley or external applications that develop in a MicroStation environment . It wins the war of interoperability. The main features include the following: It supports readable and writeable file formats including: Sketchup, DWF, Revit, PDF,DWG An AutoCAD interoperability function which allow designers to work with all of Autodesk’s CAD Versions Geo-location is supported by providing designers with coordinates for actual real-life buildings. It allows integration of Google Maps, and allows for sharing and networking between designers. Designer’s work is protected from intellectual theft via a digital signature feature The users find quite easy to use the different applications of MicroStation, is very similar design. Conclusion Which one is better? Well, from a personal point of view, AutoCAD is a clear winner when it comes to 2D Design. This is possibly because it was the first CAD software that I learned how to use, and the one that I have used more often. But I am not the only one that thinks this: many professionals that use AutoCAD agreed that â€Å"AutoCAD still trumps the MicroStation with its advanced 2D Drafting capabilities† (Chief, 2012) When it comes to 3D support, I have to give this to MicroStation. I lost count of how many coffees I had while the computer was rendering a 3D Design. It takes practically forever, so the best thing to do was to let the machine to do the magic and take a break. (Alvarez, 2006) In conclusion, both CAD tools provide features which classify them as advanced drafting tools. These tools can be used by CAD designers to draw and design both 2D and 3D Designs, independent of their complexity. (Prakoso, 2011) In summary, I would regard AutoCAD as a better drafting tool, but MicroStation as a better CAD platform. Bibliography History of MicroStation MicroStation Wiki MicroStation Be Communities by Bentley. 2014. History of MicroStation MicroStation Wiki MicroStation Be Communities by Bentley. [ONLINE] Available at: http://communities.bentley.com/products/microstation/w/microstation__wiki/3164.history-of-microstation.aspx. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. Autodesk Company. 2014. Autodesk Company. [ONLINE] Available at: http://usa.autodesk.com/company/. [Accessed 10 March 2014]. AutoCAD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014. AutoCAD Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [ONLINE] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. BE Magazine En Espanol Volume 1-Issue 12. 2014. BE Magazine En Espanol Volume 1-Issue 12. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nxtbook.com/fx/books/bemagazine/vol1issue1spanmexico/index.php?startpage=12. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. MicroStation ® vs. AutoCAD ® which is better. 2014. MicroStation ® vs. AutoCAD ® which is better. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.indiacadworks.com/blog/microstation-vs-autocad-comparing-features/. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Whats the Difference Between AutoCAD and Other 3D programs?. 2014. Whats the Difference Between AutoCAD and Other 3D programs?. [ONLINE] Available at: http://animation.about.com/od/faqs/f/Whats-The-Difference-Between-Autocad-And-Other-3d-Programs.htm. [Accessed 15 March 2014]. Microstation or Revit..what to choose? | Forum | Archinect. 2014. Microstation or Revit..what to choose? | Forum | Archinect. [ONLINE] Available at: http://archinect.com/forum/thread/96142/microstation-or-revit-what-to-choose. [Accessed 18 March 2014]. AutoCAD versus MicroStation, which one is the best? | CAD Notes. 2014. AutoCAD versus MicroStation, which one is the best? | CAD Notes. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.cad-notes.com/autocad-versus-microstation-which-one-is-the-best/. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. . 2014. . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.google.ie/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=6ved=0CF0QFjAFurl=http%3A%2F%2Fcad-software.findthebest.com%2Fcompare%2F5-19%2FAutoCAD-vs-MicroStation-V8iei=So4sU5j-MqWI7AaL5YGgBgusg=AFQjCNHRN8j20Fq52oVzAW6c2-7ihTQpNQbvm=bv.62922401,d.ZGU. [Accessed 21 March 2014]. Reducing Childhood Obesity: Health Promotion or CBT Reducing Childhood Obesity: Health Promotion or CBT NuRS21010 Understanding Evidence-Based Nursing Practice Concept Terms Boolean Operator Hits Population: Childhood Childhood, young people, children, child, youth. (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 38 Intervention: health promotion Health, promotion, (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 21 Comparison: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT, behavioural, behavioural (Childhood obesity or young people or children or child or your ) and health promotion or (cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT ) 17 Outcome: obesity Obese, weight gain. (Childhood or young people or children or child or youth ) and ( obesity or obese or weight gain) and health promotion or (cognitive behavioural therapy or CBT ) 11 Which is more effective in reducing childhood obesity health promotion or Cognitive behavioural therapy? Concept Terms Truncate Hits Population: Childhood Childhood, young people, children, child, youth. Child* obesity health promotion or cognitive behavioural therapy 26 Intervention: Nurse led health promotion Health, promotion, Child* obesity and health promotion and cognitive behavioural therapy 15 Comparison: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy CBT, behavioural, behavioural Child* obesity health promotion or cognitive behaviour* tharap? 10 The first part of my essay will be based on the evaluation on my question this will include looking at the strengths, weaknesses and how I could improve it if I were to do it again. I wanted to research the question: which is more effective in reducing childhood obesity, health promotion or Cognitive behavioural therapy? As I find the topic childhood obesity really fascinating especially with the current national epidemic of childhood obesity. This made me realise that it’s a concerning health issue so I wanted to explore the possible interventions which were available for those suffering from childhood obesity. To do this I compared one of the most common interventions (health promotion) to one of the emerging interventions being used to treat childhood obesity (cognitive behavioural therapy). I used the CINHAL database for my literature search as it provides indexing of the top nursing and allied health literature (CINHAL, 2013) and offers information relevant to my question. When researching I used truncation I decided to truncate the terms in my research question as I wanted to collect the information which was relevant to my question rather than irrelevant data, as it did not correlate to my question. This worked as each time I truncated I was able to gather data which related to my research question so this was beneficial mechanism when gathering relevant data. A research mechanism which I used was the Boolean operator to help me find appropriate literature. Boolean operators utilise the terms: â€Å"and†, â€Å"or† and â€Å"not† to restrict, increase, or narrow searches depending on Boolean logic, which describes how Boolean operators manipulates large sets of data (Barker et al 2011).Boolean operators link keywords and phrases this informs the search engine how to interpret the search, which helps identify the results the researcher is looking for (Barker et al 2011). By utilizing the Boolean operator it helped narrow my search and provided me with the literature which was relevant to my research question. Because at first when I researched I got a lot of hits but a majority if the literature was irrelevant and therefore not required, but by using the boolean operator it allowed me to access specific literature for my research question. I think I could have improved my research question by making my research question more specific for instance instead of childhood obesity which is a very large age group I could have narrowed it down to teenagers. As this will give me a sense of direction when looking for supporting literature as it’s a specific age group this can be supported by Sackett (2000) who sates that by asking a precise question you can look for specific knowledge for chosen research topic. Whereas with my current question I have a lot to cover as it looks at childhood obesity which is a broad age group, which makes it difficult gathering supporting literature. Another weakness is that although I gathered literature for my research question a majority of it was applicable to health promotion interventions in comparison to cognitive behavioural therapy in relation to childhood obesity. So to alter this I think I would have compared health promotional techniques to non-health promotion health techniques. This will ensure I get a balance of supporting literature between the comparisons, as there was little literature for cognitive behavioural therapy. This part of the essay will critically appraise intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: a controlled and randomised clinical trial (Lima et al, 2013). The CASP tool (Guyatt et al 1993) will be used to achieve this. 1. Was the question clear? The population that was studied was 42 asthmatic children age 2. Was this a randomised controlled trial? The study used a randomised clinical trial (RCT). A RCT is where partakers are randomly allotted to one or more control groups this is determined by the number of interventions (Parahoo, 2006). Randomisation means allocating applicants to experimental or control groups at random so that partakers have an equal likelihood of being placed in either group (Lang, 1997). This eradicates selection bias and offers equilibrium amid recognised and unidentified confounding factors to make a control group similar to the treatment group (Akbong, 2005). The method was apt for the question being researched as Machin Fayers, (2010) states that RCT’s are the principal mode for defining the comparative efficacy and safety of substitute medical devices, interventions or treatments. This method is apt for the research as the question aimed to analyse the effectiveness of an intervention for the nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children. The study used this method to verify the effect of asthmatic of an intervention for asthmatic children. Lawrence et al (2010) RCTs are the finest for trials determining the impact of health interventions, they’re very robust and systematic for critiquing the efficiency of health interventions. Though there is a risk of bias when there are errors in the strategy and organisation of a trial (Akobeng, 2005). 3.Were participants allocated to intervention group and control groups? The partakers were aptly allocated to intervention and control groups. As participants were allocated to groups via generating an algorithm of random numbers through the use of the R software (Lima et al, 2013). The inclusion criteria in the study were asthma identified by a doctor, based on assessment and physical existence defining features and linked factors termed in the NANDA international taxonomy age 4. Were participants and staff blind to participants study group? The team member who did the randomisation did not partake in the interventions or the outcome evaluation. This shows that the study used blinding which is vital as there is a threat in RCTs exploring the benefits of one intervention over an alternative as it can impact outcomes, causing influenced results. Blinding trials reduces bias, blinding refers to the exercise of stopping partakers, health professionals, and those gathering and examining data from knowing who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group, to avert them from being influenced by such knowledge (Day, 2000). Studies show that by blinding patients and health professionals avoids bias. Trials which didn’t blind bore more estimates of treatment effects than trials in which authors conveyed blinding (odds ratios overstated, by 17%) (Schulz Grimes, 2002). 5. Were all participants accounted in conclusion? All the participants in the study group were followed up for its conclusion. The participants in the control group did not get the option to be in the intervention group or vice versa. 6 .Were participants in all groups followed up and data collection in the same way? All the participants were followed up in the study. The effect of the intervention was evaluated at a single moment, due to the obstruction of secretion as it reversed quickly and linked to working with other professionals (Lima et al, 2013). 7. Did the study have enough participants to minimise the chance of play? The study used chi-squared test for power calculation. The test aims to test the hypothesis of no association between two or multiple groups, criteria and population (West, 2008). The chi test found P=0.061, statically significance was assumed at P 8. What is the main result? The study found an improvement in obstructive symptoms in those who took the intervention offered, with great alterations in the displays of choking and adventitious breath sounds. The generalisations may be limited as children in the intervention group show higher values for age and weight. The group also consisted of children under the age of 36 months thus likely to have asthma attacks (Lima et al, 2013). This may question the validity of the results found. The study also found there was little research in this topic making it challenging when trying to compare findings with other research (Lima et al, 2013). The study uses a small sample as there are only 42 participants in the study, so not really representative. Akobeng, (2005) argues that when a study uses a small sample of participants in it can be difficult identify the real variances of results found from both the intervention and control group. The study highlights the need for research on airway clearance techniques to as sess the effectiveness of its use. The findings suggest studies to offer planned interventions during hospitalization to determine the link between the intervention and a decreased in the duration of hospital stay (Lima et al, 2013). 9. How precise are these results? The study used Mann–Whitney test uses the findings of the t-test to identify variances amid two groups of habitually distributed population (Burns Grove, 2005). The Mann Whitney test found that after the intervention, the intervention group showed greater improvement than the control group for the indicators of choking (16.83 vs. 26.17, P = 0.007) and adventitious breath sounds (16.4 vs. 26.6, P = 0.005). This illustrates that the detected variance between the groups is doubtful to have happened by chance hence the null hypothesises rejected due to no variance and the other hypothesis as there is an actual variance in the intervention group is taken into account (Akobeng, 2005). 10. Were all vital outcomes considered so the results can be applied? The participants in the study are classified as asthmatic it doesn’t specify the type of asthma they have. Knowing they type of asthma they had i.e. chronic or acute asthma is beneficial as will illustrate if there is a different effect on a patient with certain type of asthma. For instance Schechter (2007) found that airway clearance therapy has little or no effect on acute asthma, so techniques used in this study may not be applicable for those with acute asthma. Airway clearance techniques requires training in order for patient or carers to carry it out correctly, this may be an issue for some as they may not have the funding or money for training. In relation to parents and carers airway clearance techniques may be a barrier for them when implementing it to their child. As airway clearance techniques require equipment and considerable amount of time (Walsh et al, 2011) to carry out in order to ensure that it is carried out correctly and effectively on child. This can be an issue for parents and carers especially if they don’t have the time due to other issues such as work or taking care of other children. According Pryor (2009) to policy makers and health care professionals in the UK, are less likely to utilise the intervention of airway clearance in asthma patients due to the uncertainty of the effectiveness of its usage in asthma patients this is also because of little research available on this topic. The study itself also mentions the lack of research available on airway clearance Walsh et al, (2011) techniques for asthma (Lima et al, 2013). Also found although airway clearance techniques have progressed over the years there is little research to illustrate the effectiveness of airway clearance techniques amid the child population who have asthma (Walsh et al, 2011). Reference List Akobeng AK. Evidence-based child health. 1. Principles of evidence-based medicine. Arch Dis Child 2005;90:837–40 Barker D., Barker M., Pinard , K., (2011). London : Cengage Learning. Blaikie N. (2009). Designing Social Research. 2nd ed. UK: Polity Press. CINHAL (2013). CINHAL Database (online). Available at:http://www.ebscohost.com/nursing/products/cinahl-databases/cinahl-complete>. Accessed at 19th November 2013. Burns N. Grove S.K, (2005). The practise of nursing research: conduct, critique and utilisation. 5th ed. USA: Elsevier Saunders. Chia KS. Randomisation: magical cure for bias. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2000;29:563–4. Day SJ, Altman DG. Blinding in clinical trials and other studies. BMJ 2000;321:504. Guyatt GH, Sackett DL, and Cook DJ (1993).Users’ guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. JAMA 1993; 270 (21): 2598-2601 and JAMA 1994; 271(1): 59-63 Lawrence M. Friedman, Furberg C.D, DeMets D (2010). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (online). Available at: http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pIx-0LvD6agCpg=PA97dq=advantages+of+randomised+controlled+trialshl=ensa=Xei=ACbLUtvWBdG0hAf094EIredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=advantages%20of%20randomised%20controlled%20trialsf=false> Acessed at 6th January 2014. Lang TA, Secic M. How to report statistics in medicine. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 1997. Lima L.H.O, Lopes M.V.O, Falcà £o R.T.S, Freitas R.M.R, Oliveira TF, da Costa M.C.C (2013). Intervention for ineffective airway clearance in asthmatic children: A controlled and randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Nursing Practice 2013; 19: 88–94 Machin D Fayers P, (2010). Randomized Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting (online). Available at:http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=l6oxPO9riPYCprintsec=frontcoverdq=randomised+clinical+trialhl=ensa=Xei=wSPLUuiqNNSKhQem_YCgDgredir_esc=y#v=onepageq=randomised%20clinical%20trialf=false >. Accessed at 6th January 2014. NANDA, (2012).Defining NANDA (online). Available at :http://www.nanda.org/nanda-international-taxonomy-licensing.html>. Accessed at 6th January 2014. Olbricht G Wong Y,(2008). Power and Sample Size Calculation (online). Available at: http://www.scribd.com/doc/195151500/Power-and-Sample-Size-Calculation >. Accessed at 6th January 2014. Parahoo K. (2006) Nursing research : principles, process and issues 2 nd ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Pryor J.A. (2009).Physiotherapy for airway clearance in adults (pdf). Available at: http://www.ersj.org.uk/content/14/6/1418.full.pdf >Accessed at: 3rd January 2014. Sackett D., Straus S., Richardson S., Rosenberg W., Haynes B (2000). Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM. London : BMJ Publishing Group. Schulz KF. Assessing allocation concealment and blinding in randomised controlled trials: why bother? Evid Based Nurs 2000;5:36–7. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995;273:408–12. Schechter M S.(2007) Airway Clearance Applications in Infants and Children (pdf). Available at: http://www.assobrafir.com.br/imagens_up/artigos/Airway_Clearance_Applications_in_Infants_and_Children.pdf> Accessed at 27th December 2013. Walsh B.K, Hood K, Merritt G. (2011). Paediatric airway maintenance and clearance in the acute care setting: how to stay out of trouble (online). Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21944689>. Accessed at 6th January 2014. West M.D (2008). Use of the Chi-Square Statistic (pdf) .Available at: http://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/fundepiii/PDFs/Lecture17.pdf> Accessed at 6th January 2014.

Fight Club :: Fight Club Tyler Durdens

Fight Club Before the Narrator actually "meets" Tyler, he sees him in brief, one-frame flashes, representing Tyler's development in his mind. Below is a list of these appearances. - Tyler is standing in front of the copier at the Narrator's company, as the Narrator says, "Everything is a copy of a copy of a copy." - When the Narrator goes to the doctor for his insomnia, Tyler appears as the doctor tells him to go to the testicular cancer support group. As the doctor says, "That's pain," Tyler is standing just over his shoulder, laughing. - At the support group, when the leader says "really open ourselves up," Tyler is smirking and leaning against him with his arm around him. - After the Narrator confronts Marla and is watching her walk away, Tyler appears in his line of vision, smoking. - In the Pressman Hotel welcome video, Tyler is the waiter on the far right. (Thanks to Caite!) This appearance isn't actually subliminal. The Narrator, as Tyler, really did work at the Pressman Hotel, so he would have appeared in the video. - Tyler is riding down an escalator as the Narrator is riding up in an airport. Nick writes, "In the beginning there are quick flashes of Tyler in the back ground. I counted 3 of them in different times. Later in the movie they explained the projectionist job that Tyler had and how he put pornographic clips in family movies. Do you think those two things have anything in common?" I hadn't really thought about this before, but it's a good point. The characters are aware that they are in the movie (Tyler's references to "flashback humor," etc.), and Tyler DID splice a porn clip in at the end, so it's very likely that he put himself in as well. Kevin asks, "...what are your thoughts on why the bullet killed Tyler but not the Narrator? My own theory is that Tyler was destroyed because the Narrator hit bottom when he was so unafraid of death that he was able to put a gun in his mouth and pull the trigger. The Narrator no longer needed Tyler because he had hit bottom, and he had become Tyler." Cramer replies, "I disagree on this point. Tyler's presence isn't completely gone. While the main internal conflict of the Narrator may have been how to mesh Tyler's and his own personalities together into a single individual, I believe that the reoccuring thesis of "It's only after you've lost everything that you're free to do anything," can explain that Tyler (the rebel, the nonconformist) is not "dead.

Computer Crimes Essay -- Security

Computer Crimes Computer crimes are a major issue in the world today. They are taken place in people’s home, office, and in lots of places. A person should be very cautious about the type of personal information that they enter on there someone else’s computer as well as there own. These things could come back to haunt you in the future. Criminal activity where a computer or network is the source, target, place or tool of a crime is what we call computer crime. Some other terms for computer crime are cybercime, e-crime, hi-tech crime, and electronic crime. None of these categories are exclusive and many activities can be characterized as falling in one or more category. Even though it states that the computer crime is when something takes place when the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, there are some terms that are used to include traditional crimes. Some of the traditional crimes are fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement when the computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity. There are a lot of different criminal activities that can be considered computer crime. Some examples of these activities are misuse of devices, forgery (theft id), electronic fraud, illegal access (unauthorized access), Trojan horses, cyberterrorism, email abuse/harassment, and data interference (unauthorized damaging, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of computer data) are just a few. Forgery is a computer crime that can be perpetrated using the hardware components of the computer without the usage of the internet. For example, using Microsoft Word to type my signature when I did not actually right it and neither did you but it is still a computer crime that you committed. A Trojan... ...laint center, dubbed IC3, compiles its figures by drawing on the flood of complaints pouring into U.S. law enforcement and regulatory agencies. Results show that the most reported crime was Internet auction fraud which ranked 45 percent of all complaings. Another big percentage of complaints was non delivery of merchandise or payment which had a big 19 percent. Computer crimes are definitely on the rise. They are something that everyone who owns or even works on a computer should be careful of. There are a lot of crooked people out here in this world and everyone should take caution. You should also take caution when entering personal information on any computer. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_crime http://www.fsu.edu/~crimdo/TA/hao/computercrime2.htm http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/badguys/070416/top_10_internet_crimes_of_2006.htm

Film Essays - Comparison of the Movie, Life is Beautiful and the Bible

A Comparison of the Film, Life is Beautiful and the Bible Many elements of the film Life is Beautiful can compare to the Bible. For example, Guido, the main character, acts as a Christ figure in that he saves his son, Joshua from the evils of the Holocaust. Another example that compares with the Bible is the tank that is promised to Joshua. Finally, Guido’s death eventually saves Joshua from his own death. Such examples in the movie are comparable to examples in the Bible. In the film, Guido is a Christ figure to his son. During their imprisonment in the concentration camp, Guido explains things to his son in a way that shelters his son from the reality of what is happening. Guido loves his son and he protects his son from being hurt, even if doing so involved breaking rules and getting in trouble himself. In such a way did Jesus Christ love his followers. Jesus suffered to protect His people. Jesus loved his followers and was not selfish toward them. He always did what was right for the well being of His people, even when it was considered wrong or unla...

Traditional and Renewable Sources of Energy

TRADITIONAL ENERGY SOURCES SIDE BY SIDE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: WHICH ONE IS MORE LIKELY TO WIN THE BATTLE WITHIN THE FOLLOWING DECADES? Assuming that the energy is a vital asset for the human being, it's really hard to answer this question, because both of them have advantages and disadvantages. When I read for the first time this question I immediately thought that renewable energy sources would win, but then I realize that it can't, because this kind of energy is not able to generate all the energy that we need.Having said that I don't mean that the traditional energy sources could win, because, as I said first, it has disadvantages, such as pollution and the fact that the sources are exhaustible. I think we should consider them together with their advantages and disadvantages. The traditional energy sources, although they are exhaustible sources, they are present in huge quantity in the world and they can generate all the energy that we need. Instead, renewable sources are inex haustible, but, as I wrote before, they can't generate all the energy we need.Both of them need a big place where can be installed. As a result, both have a considerable impact on the environment. Others disadvantages for the renewable energy sources are that sometimes these resources are not available and the cost for this energy technology is more expensive than the other. After summarizing very briefly the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of energy sources, I can conclude that traditional and renewable energy sources can't separate, they will continue to co-exist if we want to generate energy.The main problem is how the human being uses the energy. Unfortunately, in some countries, people don't know the right value attributed to energy use. Doing so they consume more energy than what they need. People don't realize that with small steps daily they can help save energy and save money, too! I think that every government have to invest money in that kind of education, a nd then invest more money for the renewable energy sources if we want to breath better air, not forgetting that the renewable energy sources cannot generate energy without the support of the traditionals one.

Performance Management and Executive Compensation Essay

IntroductionIn the history of contemporary economies, from the late 1800s to today businesses retain go ab disclose good challenges regarding earnings for executives and its relation to trading functioning. In response to major stinting crises during the 20th century, the United States enacted broad-based legislation measures as attempts to foresee what were seen as honourable challenges and execution conflicts surrounding both performance counselling and executive fee.To understand the current outlets cladding businesses and regulators, it is important to look at trine of most signifi preemptt legislative acts coition has passed. The Securities Exchange do works of 1933 and 1934, as well as the SarbanesOxley behave of cc2 represent legislative interventions regarding embodied m integritytary accounting toward the goal of curtailing the honourable challenges and the conflict of agency problems that set up prep argon from performance heed and executive compen sation. b atomic number 18ly even later on these laws were enacted, ethical conflicts can and still do arise when it comes to the compensation for employers and executives.Securities morsel of 1933The Securities bear of 1933 was born in response to the stock market dissipate of 1929. Just as it was then, companies who issue securities to aerodynamic lift money for funding newly investments or to expand operations have an inbred motivator to present their comp either and its plans in the rosiest light possible to investors (Sarkar, 2013).The Securities Act of 1933 serves the treble conclusion of ensuring that issuers of securities to the public disclose strong learning to investors as well as ensuring that any securities transactions are non based on fraudulent schooling or practices (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities Act of 1933 affects public disclosures through with(predicate) a mandatory registration demonstrate for sellers and brokers and applies to the sale or trad e of any regulated security type (Sarkar, 2013).Securities Act of 1934 (a.k.a. the Exchange Act)The Exchange Act chiefly regulates transactions of securities that educate place by and by its initial offering by a beau monde (Sarkar, 2013). These transactions often take place between parties other than the issuer, much(prenominal) as through trades that retail investors fulfil via brokerage households (Sarkar, 2013). The biggest erect of The Exchange Act was the creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a federal agency responsible for regularisation the securities markets (Sarkar, 2013). Since 1934, the SEC has taken on the place of mitigating fraud, abuse, and other ethical issues in the pecuniary reporting of publicly traded entities.Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 was the most significant legislation passed since the thirty-something and came in the aftermath of the corporate scandals at companies such as Enron, WorldCom , and Arthur Andersen (A doo, 2013). Sarbanes-Oxley created the Public phoner Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), a new organization whose purpose is to wait on oversee the accounting industry (Amadeo, 2013). To prevent the sort of conflicts of interest that had led to the Enron fraud, SOX realized new prohibitions for auditors when engaging in interview work for their auditing clients. It also banned company loans to executives and gave add-ond job protections to whistleblowers (Amadeo, 2013).Performance wariness and Executive CompensationEven after the passing of the Securities and Exchanges Acts of 1933 and 1934 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, on that point are reasons to be concerned about ethical violations in monetary accounting. Two areas where there still exist possibilities for unethical military action which could harm the supply of reliable discipline to investors are the performance management at heart a company and the compensation shares of executives. menstruation Ethical ChallengesWhen evaluating situations to support ethical decision-making, one must inaugural identify the ethical problems as they arise (Eldenburg, 2005). Performance measurements are most often measured in terms of time or fiscal figures how long or how much. When selecting a new CEO, the board of directors is required to offer a financial package that is both remunerative enough to attract the most dependent individual and yet also appears plumb to other ranking executives of the company. Such financial packages need to be approved by the major shareholders when the salary will electrical shock the companys financial reports. During an scotch recession, firms whitethorn significantly mintsize their workforce as well as benefits and labor pass judgment employees receive, yet often find themselves contractually obligated to hand-out large bonuses and increasing salaries for their executives.This is potentially a major ethical issue for a company and its executives, with the fibers of the company existence reduced while executives are earning much and more even though the firm is struggling. CEOs at the countrys 200 largest companies earned an average of 20 portion more last year than in 2009, according to recent corporate registers. By comparison, average pay for workers in the offstage sector rose just 2.1 part last yearnearly the smallest increase in decades (Harkinson, 2011).It is also not inaudible of for CEOs to be forced to step down while still receiving their lucrative compensation packages only to also be given over a generous golden plunge as they leave. Excesses like this can have detrimental effects on employee morale as the majority of the company often consists of those earning the least. Boards of directors should take into consideration the financial stand of the firm before they offer an immoderate compensation package to a CEO.As an illustration of the contrary, Steve Jobs volunteered to work at orch ard apple tree for a salary of only $1 per year A regulatory filing shows Apple CEO Steve Jobs compensation package remained the usual $1 in monetary 2010 as is customary, Jobs got no bonus or perk (Steve Jobs, n.d.). In terms of ethical challenges and executive compensation, Jobs proved by his suit that it is possible to put the company first even if that meant earning a salary of $1. CEOs do not often have to institute up for such low salaries to show leadership and camaraderie however, accepting less conscienceless amounts can help avoid accusations of rapacity and impropriety altogether.Current Agency IssuesPrincipals mesh doers to make decisions for them and to act in their behalf (Eldenburg, & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 591). Often, genes may go on to hire divisors of their own, deputation bureau and establishing sub-units known as office nubbles which can decentralize decision-making and accountability. A particularly special case of the of import- broker relationshi p involves the executives of companies who are effectively agents of the shareholders selected to run the company. Four coarse types of responsibility centers are cost centers, gross centers, profit centers, and investment centers. (Eldenburg & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 595)Those agents who possess decision-making pronouncement over a responsibility center use demographic financial data provided by the accountants for budgets and reviews of sales, profits/losses, value appraisals, and costs. restrainer and audit provided information is used to quantify and measure performance, monitor the effectiveness of managers, revenge performance, and influence decisions. (Eldenburg & Wolcot, 2005) The audit information accountants determine and present is vital to the principal/agent relationship and performance measurement, but also has its costs. The primary challenge presented by the principal/agent relationship concerns the high aim of pressure to perform that an agent can experience in t he form of the agents compensation.Money, as well as other forms of compensation such as bonuses and stock options, increased authority, and ownership expectations are direct motivators of challenges to the ethical foundation of agent performance. When principals evaluate the performance of agents, their decisions are apparent to be based on the very(prenominal) accounting information their agents also used. This parking lot use provides a potential incentive for an agent to alter, falsify, or otherwise make certain data that principals receive.As decision-making authority is granted from a principle to an agent, the agents performance is evaluated to some pointedness from each authority train. Evaluating the effectiveness of the decisions made in each agency level or responsibility center is the center of measuring, monitoring, and motivating performance. Poor performance leads to a loss of decision-making authority, responsibilities, compensation, and other benefits at hea rt the good principal-agent structure. Conversely, outstanding performance has the opposite effect and benefits everyone up the principal-agent ladder.ConclusionThe Securities Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934 are essential because of their transparency as spelled out in their objectives, and for providing prospective investors detailed information about investment decisions. Their main purpose was to protect shareholders from misrepresentation and scam in the selling of security. The Acts mandated that securities sold to the public within the United States of the States must be listed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Later, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was established to make sure that CFOs and CEOs authenticate and approve the financial reporting of their companies. Despite these monumental pieces of regulation, which resulted in the creation of two separate management agencies, there are still situations nonresistant to ethical challenges and agency issues part icularly concerning performance management and executive compensation.ReferencesAmadeo, K 2013. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Retrieved from http//useconomy.about.com/od/themarkets/p/sarbanes-oxley.htmEldenburg, L. & Wolcott, S. (2005). Cost management Measuring, monitoring, and motivating performance, (1st ed). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.Harkinson, J. (2011). Americas 10 Most Overpaid CEOs. Retrieved from http//www.motherjones.com/ governing/2011/04/10-most-ridiculously-overpaid-ceosMcConnell, C., & Brue, S. (2005). Economics principles, problems and policies (16th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.Sarkar, D 2013. Securities Act. Retrieved from http//www.law.cornell.edu/wex/securities_act_of_1933Steve Jobs once again earned $1 for work. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.timesleader.com/stories/Steve-Jobs-again-earned-1-for-work-at-A,115771

The Evolution of Racial Inequality

Miranda Larrin History 105-14 parade 13th 2013 The Evolution of Racial In agreeity On a day to day basis, humans procedure with one a nonher, despite of their accelerate or pagan stock. How constantly, that is not the way it has always been. Since the 16th century, in that respect has been wars fought, and people knock offed due to differences in quicken. Racial inequality has come a long way since then, windlessness is still surrender in the 21st century. virtu every last(predicate)y societies deny that racial inequality is still present at present, but the fact of the return, it is.The term race is utilise to define a single human being. whitethorn it be African America, Caucasian, Pacific Islander or many other options. On job applications, remediate and dental diversenesss, college applications and many other forms of documents, society is squeeze to check a box that identifies them. The question of the matter is what does it matter? The term race came from ra cism itself. go out back to the 16th century segregation has contend a key role in account. not only for the United States, but worldwide.When societies began to see differences in cultures, such as having that una homogeneous skin color, varied foods or different languages, the different communities formed hatreds for others who were tagged as different. This began the racist movement that we still see today. Groups began having different names or titles which is forthwith considered a race of people. Since the sixteenth century, race and racial inequality has changed in multiple ways. For example, in 1904 the European powers began taking everywhere southern Africa where the ethnic host Herreras resided.The Europeans began moving the Herreras to concentration camps to kill them, all for land. In the 1940s Hitler treasured to form a new order of Nazi Germany. He did this by forcing the Jewish, African Americans, and any other race that was not European or at the least(pren ominal) resembled European decent to concentration camps. Just like the Herreras the studyity of those placed in these camps were killed. However, Hitler did not do this for power or land he did this to form a perfect land. He wanted everyone to be what he considered perfect, white, blonde, and had blue eyes. Jumping over to America, slavery of theAfrican American race and sometimes the Indian race, were shipped to America in the 16th century and up until the 19th century, these people were forced to work. Unlike the European power, Americas goal of this group was not to exterminate them, but to use them as work. The African Americans had many rules and restrictions that prevented them from living a normal and equal life as the whites. We also forbid them from displaying for deal at the market or from carrying to private houses for trade of any commodity, was on rule for the slaves that was established under Code Noir.Slavery was make illegal after the American Civil war in the 1860s. However, The climax of the tarradiddle of racism came in the twentieth century. This is due to those of different ethnic backgrounds trying to become civilized in society. Crime rates shot up and police force brutality rose with aim to those whose race was of African descent. Those races had a nearly impossible time getting jobs which meant they had to live in poor communities. The white race began forcing the faints to go to different schools, drink from different fountains, go to different stores and ride in the back of the bus.It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in 1955-1968 that blacks and whites began to become civilized. As one can see, racism has manifested itself into world history playing a key role in major wars fought, protests, and mass exterminations. Even though on that point argon no more concentration camps, and slavery has been made illegal, racism is still present today in the 21st century. Today, racism is not as harsh and brutal as it was in the recent it has become more or less a humor. On comedy shows there is often a token character.Typically this character is African American and is made fun of by the other characters. These jokes ar set to be funny and laughed at. The reality is that the jokes made are racist. A common form of humor is a meme. A meme is a typographic joke. Some are of a black man where it is joking close committing a crime some are of an Asian man who is joking about either the effect of his eyes, or how Asians are said to be smarter than the total person. These memes are found all over the net profit and are simply laughed at by all races.The biggest racial inequality argument happens to be racial profiling by police. Statistics show that the majority of dough made by police are of African American males. There have been several reports of police harassing and being unfair to these individuals. However, when an individual of European descent is stopped, they are given a warning if it is th eir first off time and treated fairly. Little wonder that black parents, regardless of class, routinely drill their children in how to act when stopped by the police, something few white parents ever think about.Despite the jokes and the racial profiling, American society fails to take racism today, even though it is clearly present. every last(predicate) in all, racial inequality has been a major issue since the 16th century. It may not be as big of an issue today in the 21st century, but it is still very oftentimes so prevalent. Racial inequality has come a long way since the 16th century, let but the 20th century, so it is easy to see an authority of equality in the future. However, societies such as American must overcome their ignorance of being racist in order for that to happen. BibliographyFredrickson, George. Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) Peabody, march. Slavery, Freedom, and constabulary in The Atlantic World. (Boston Bedfords/St. Martins) Rosenburg, Paul. Birth Certificates and unconscious(p) Racism. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011) 1 . Sue Peabody, Slavery, Freedom, and Law in The Atlantic World. (Boston Bedfords/St. Martins) 2 . George Fredrickson, Racism, A Short History. (Princeton University Press) 3 . Paul Rosenburg, Birth Certificates and unconscious mind Racism. (Aljazeera, 11 May 2011)